Falling of dollar really or fiction?

Calculations show that almost in all banks of the central Europe, and in particular in banks of Russia the relative margin of exchange operations with US dollar is much lower, than with other currencies, including euro, yen and yuan. It convincingly testifies to big reliability of the American currency and disproves opinion on possible replacement of dollar with other currencies. Weakening of the American dollar leaves nobody indifferent - behind it too many costs. At first sight, apparently, that the whole world slowly but surely prepares for refusal of the American dollar. Whether so it? If it so, what we receive in exchange? All commercial banks trade in several most widespread and "serious" currencies. Thus the particular interest is represented by margin size, i.e. differences between a selling rate and a buying rate. The matter is that the size of a margin shows profitability of operation with this currency, and profitability is quite simply connected with riskiness of operation: the more the risk, the is more profitability. In case of the elementary exchange operations the risk almost completely is defined by degree of liquidity of currency. Respectively quite simple rule acts on practice: the currency, the more its liquidity is more reliable, the it is less risks at carrying out with it than exchange operations, the more wishing to perform such operations and that operation less than a rate of return. For definiteness we will take exchange parameters of Sberbank of Russia for 25.07.2008 and we will calculate a relative margin, i.e. margin percentage to a buying rate. It appears, the lowest relative margin at the American dollar and makes 1,29 %. At euro the margin is much higher – 1,37 % that says that commercial banks of the country, despite all peripetias with dollar, trust it much more, than uniform European currency. For euro there is the British pound sterling with relative marches to 4,34 %, i.e. its liquidity in 3,4 times is lower, than at US dollar and in 3,2 times – than at euro. It is necessary to tell that in other commercial banks of the country advantage of US dollar in comparison with euro is even more impressive. And if it so to tell about replacement of the American dollar with the European bank notes while it is obviously premature: the world trusts eurocurrency less, than to dollar. Now some words about the approaching "great" Chinese yuan. First, this currency in general while in few places is converted. Secondly, if such operations also are carried out, they are characterized really monstrous marches. So, in many banks of Russia and the central Europe the relative margin of yuan makes 8,21 % that speaks about unwillingness of commercial banks to operate with this monetary unit. Actually it is a question that riskiness of the Chinese yuan in 6 with superfluous time is higher, than dollar. And with such indicator of a margin to yuan obviously rather early to apply for a role of world currency. It is possible to tell so: banks work with the Chinese currency, but for operations with it take such bribe that it calls into question about expediency of similar exchange operations.Under all these figures there is one simple phenomenon: the world and Russia in particular trust the American economy much more, than the Chinese, Japanese, Canadian, Australian, British or Swiss economy. And, therefore, and to speak about falling of US dollar it is possible as much as necessary, but the worthy alternative to it doesn't exist.

Craig Karmin about dollar...

Known American journalist Craig Karmin published the book "Dollar Biography" in which describes the bright past, the rough present and the long future of monetary unit of the USA. The carmine holds the opinion that, despite all problems, dollar yet will lose a title soon "the most popular currency" world. For the simple reason - to replace $ while there is nothing.
According to the Carmine, the dollar is no time gained the world popularity not only because of the increased power of economy of the USA. It was demanded because in the world trusted in words and affairs of the American government and in idea of America. As a result of $ became one of the most known and dear symbols of the stable present.
According to the Carmine, crash of dollar can become the beginning of crash of all world economy. The matter is that for dollar "are stuck" the majority of the transactions made by participants of international trade. The dollar - officially or informally - is a basis of financial systems of many states of the world. So, for example, the Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein is no time refused to accept dollars in payment for the Iraq oil and transferred all transactions to euro. However at his arrest in its suitcase euro, namely dollars (by $750 thousand in hundred-dollar banknotes) were found not. Nowadays 60 % of the let-out American dollars are outside of the USA!

PROTECTION ELEMENTS USA DOLLARS!!!

Since the end of March, 1996 the new banknote is entered into the address by advantage of $100 American, the general registration and which prevalence of color corresponds to traditional registration of the American banknotes. Note of $100

Size 156х67. Paper is tinted, has a light yellow shade, contains chaotically introduced protective fibers of red and dark blue flowers.

On the face of a banknote Benjamin Franklina's displaced to the left from the center the portrait, under it "FRANKLIN" inscription is represented increased, in comparison with banknotes of the previous series. On the left side from a portrait the press of Federal reserve system (black color) above which the letter and number indicating Federal reserve bank, released a banknote settle down is located. On the right side from a portrait it is located: press of the State Treasury (green color). In top left and bottom the right corners of a banknote located serial number - a combination from eight figures and three letters. The first letter designates series number. The second letter coincides with a letter indicating federal reserve bank. Eight figures indicate serial number of a banknote in this series. The last letter designates, how many time was used this number in a series. Over the top serial number "FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE" inscription is printed. In corners of a banknote designation of face value "100" is printed. In the left bottom corner the control letter with number of a kvadrant is located. In the lower part to the right of a portrait the control letter with number of a cliche of the face of a banknote is located. In the lower part to the left of a portrait year of release of "SERIES 1996" is located. In bottom left and bottom right parts of a banknote signatures of heads of Treasury and the Treasury Department of the US are printed. In the right lower part on a giolshirny ornament verbal designation of face value of a banknote is printed. In the right top part of a banknote - "THE UNITED STATES AMERICA" inscription.

On the back banknotes the Independence Palace, under it "INDEPENDENCE HALL" inscription is represented. In corners of a banknote designation of face value "100" is printed. In the top central part "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" inscription, under it "INGOD WE TRUST" text, and in the lower part of a banknote - "ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS" inscription is printed. In the right bottom corner number of a cliche of the back of a banknote is located.

Main protective signs of a banknote:

1. The micropress on the banknote face: the text of "USA100" is printed in some ranks in face value figure in the left bottom corner; the text of "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" is printed on a lapel of a frock coat of Benjamin Franklina.

2. In paper the protective thread seen on a gleam with the repeating microtext of "USA 100" read from the obverse and turnaround parties of a banknote is introduced. The protective thread is located vertically, to the left of a portrait.

3. The watermark is located on not sealed field in the right part of a banknote and repeats Benjamin Franklina's portrait.

4. In the right bottom corner of the face the face value of a banknote "100" executed by paint, changing color with green on black is located at banknote turn.

5. In ultra-violet beams the protective thread has a red luminescence.

6. Thin concentric lines form a background for a portrait on the face and for the Independence Palace on the back banknotes. On a copy, at banknote reproduction on the reprographic equipment, on the specified places there is a weak moire (dark and light sites).

The face of a banknote is executed by metalgraphic way of the press. Inscriptions "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS" have the increased thickness of a paint layer and are well perceived on feel. Serial number, the press of Federal reserve system and the State Treasury are executed by a method of a relief printing. The back of a banknote is executed by metalgraphic way of the press.

Banknotes of an old sample advantage of 100 dollars remain lawful means of payment. Term of their address isn't limited.

World currency dollar.

Experience of formation of leading world currency - dollar testifies that the international recognition of this national currency received as a result of internationalization of its use in functions of world money. In its number: an international measure of value in the international trading, credit and financial operations; the international instrument of payment in international payments on trade and in the international currency, credit, financial transactions; the international reserve means for accumulation of official and corporate currency reserves, population savings etc.Stability of the national currency used as world, is caused by competitiveness of national economy. On gross domestic product indicator per capita the USA 49 thousand dollars, advance the countries of a zone of euro 36 thousand dollars. Achievement of this important indicator of competitiveness needs further increase of labor productivity in euro zone where the southern countries considerably concede in the competition to the northern countries.High degree developed the financial market and a banking system is an important factor in strengthening of positions of world currency. It is noted also by the western experts. In particular, P. Hartmann, M. M. Habib and L.Strakka allocate a number of exponents of development of the financial market of the country issuer of world currency. Among them: quantitative indices of scales of the financial market, volume of assets, capitalization of stock market, tools, turn; quality indicators, quality of regulation, lack of barriers.

The external shape of paper dollar

The external shape of paper dollar constantly changed. He received the modern look in 1928 when for one-dollar and other banknotes the design offered by the gifted artist, teosofy, by the emigrant from Russia Sergey Makronovsky (Kerikh) was accepted. It arranged on one of the parties of a dollar piece of paper elements of the Big press (the state emblem) the USA (it is developed according to the project of the secretary of the Congress C.Thomson with the assistance of the expert in U.Barton's heraldry and is founded in June, 1782)... a sea eagle with an olive branch with thirteen olives in the right paw and a bunch from thirteen arrows in left, and also the image of an incomplete trinadtsatistupenchaty pyramid over which in a being shone triangle the Foresight eye is placed. The sea eagle and now is widely used as an official logo, and a pyramid you will find only on one-dollar pieces of paper which make 45 % from total amount of the American money printed for today. The consensus how there was a dollar sign, doesn't exist. A number of researchers considers that when Spaniards took out gold from the American colonies in cast whetstones, they put on them a sign S (on an initial letter of the country - Spain). After arrival of ingots in Spain on them put vertical line, and when sending to colonies - one more. Others argue that the way to a badge of dollar was such: the word "peso" reduced to a letter P, to its right top part added a small letter s - it pointed to plural. Gradually from R began to leave one vertical stick and on it wrote S.

dollars

The word "dollar" and its sign is much more senior, than the American nation and its currency - to it nearly 500 years. In printed form the symbol of dollar appeared in the USA 207 years ago though it was already used in account books much earlier. It is a high time to take an interest in its origin. But at first about that, from where it was exacted a promise "dollar". At the beginning of the XVI century in a mountain valley of Sacred Ioakhim in northwest Bohemia the mine on silver production started to operate. Nearby there was the German city of Sankt-Ioakhimstal (тал, or таль, - in German "valley"), subsequently - the Czech Yakhimov. In 1519 for the Roman Empire the coin in one ounce of silver with the image of the sacred Ioakhim, received the name "ioakhimstaler" there began to be minted. Over time its began to call a thaler. (By the way, the thaler was replaced with brand only in 1873, after association of Germany.) The thaler received wide circulation in Europe. In Sweden "thalers" minted since 1534, in Denmark - from the 1544th. In England him called a daller, then dollar and, at last, dollar.